Lenin (Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924) was born in Simbirsk, in the home inspector of the people's colleges. Enrolled in the Law Faculty of Kazan University, he was removed shortly after the student unrest. His elder brother, Alexander executed in 1887 as a participant narodovolcheskogo plot to assassinate the Alexander III.
The young Vladimir brilliantly withstands the examinations at St. Petersburg University, then he became a Marxist, is found in Switzerland with Plekhanova and upon returning to the capital in 1895 founded the "Union, the struggle for the liberation of the working class." He immediately arrested after the prison referred to Siberia for three years. He says the work "The Development of Capitalism in Russia", published in 1895 and against narodnicheskih theories.
On departure, he links leaving Russia in 1900 and based in exile newspaper "Iskra", which is designed to serve the promotion of Marxism, while the proliferation of newspapers to create a vast network of clandestine organizations in the territory of the Russian Empire. Then he takes a pseudonym Lenin in 1902 and publishes fundamental work, "What do I do?" Which outlines his vision of professional revolutionaries - the small, strictly centralized, intended to become avant-garde of the working class in its struggle against the bourgeoisie.
In 1903 at the II Congress of RSDRP happens split between the Bolsheviks (led by Lenin-MI) and Menshevik, not agree with this concept of party organization.
During the Revolution of 1905 he returned to Russia, but from the beginning stolypinskoy reaction must again go to emigrate, where he continued in an uncompromising struggle against all who do not accept his views on the revolutionary struggle, accusing the idealism even in some of the Bolsheviks. In 1912, he decisively breaks away from the Menshevik and starts from abroad to lead Russia legally published in the newspaper "Pravda".
Since 1912 he lives in Austria, and after the First World War, moved to Switzerland. The conferences in Tsimmervalde (1915) and in Kintale (1916), he defended his thesis on the need to transform the imperialist war into civil war and at the same time argues that Russia can win the socialist revolution ( "Imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism").
After the February Revolution of 1917 allowed him to cross train to Germany, and he was immediately on his arrival in Russia taking into their own hands Bolshevik party, raises the question of the second revolution (April theses).
In October, he was - not without some difficulty - convinces his comrades to fight the need for an armed uprising, after which the success of the decrees on peace and on the ground, and then direct the "construction of socialism, during which he has not once had to overcome stubborn resistance, as for example, on the question of the Brest peace or for the trade union and national issues.
With the ability in certain situations to make concessions, as happened with the adoption of a new economic policy (NEP), the inevitable in complete devastation of the country, Lenin demonstrated exceptional intransigence in dealing with the opposition, without stopping or to acceleration in the 1918 Constituent Assembly, or to expulsion from the country's "revolutionary" intellectuals in 1922.
Already being seriously ill, he will be trying in the late 1922 - early 1923 to participate in decisions and expressed his concerns had arisen in the notes, later known as "testament." Yet nearly a year, he did not actually live, and live, stricken with paralysis, and lost it, and died in January 1924.
The main ideas of Lenin:
