A great enthusiast, a man of duty, the Prime Minister. Father of six children.
 Peter A. Stolypin (1862-1911). A prominent Russian statesman, the proponent of agrarian reform and fundamental changes in the state system of Russian Empire. Stolypin, all his knowledge, work, faith - all his life laid on the altar of service to God, Tsar and Fatherland. Expired nearly a century, and was not born yet in Russia people can take power into their own hands and dispose of it as it did Stolypin.
Peter A. was born a year after the abolition of serfdom - 2 (15) April 1862 in Dresden. Ros in Srednikovo estate near Moscow, where his father played with his peers, Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov.
Youth coincided with the rise of a powerful cultural 80-ies, in the midst of which - in a natural branch of physico-mathematical faculty of St. Petersburg University - he was. Like all «vosmidesyatniki», Stolypin heard Mendeleyev and Chebyshev are credited Dostoevsky and Goncharov ... In 1884, he finished university. Two years served in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, then in accordance with the inclinations were attributed to the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property, where useful knowledge obtained in lectures patriarch Russian agronomic science AV Sovetova.
At the end of the century Peter Arkadievich becomes kovenskim county leader of the nobility and the chairman of the congress of world kovenskogo mediators - the elected judges in the land and property issues. In 1899 - leader of the nobility, and at the same time - an honorary magistrate, after one year - Grodno, even after three years - Saratov Governor ... In Kovne he first saw the stark divide between community farmers and Great Western hutoryanami areas.
When in 1904 Peter Arkadievich occupies the post of governor of Saratov, all the advantages of farm households have become even clearer to him.
Stolypin saw the cause of rural unrest in the landlessness of peasants, in the harsh conditions redemption of land, high rents, and, finally, in the community. Farmer should be the first owner, and only then will an equal citizen. The property, as is known, even Hegel called «obektirovannoy freedom». Eliminate all barriers to the farmer to the freedom and mean, in terms of Stolypin, strengthen the foundations of Russia.
In April 1906, the youngest governor of Russia - Saratov - received a telegram from St. Petersburg, signed by rulers. It contained a proposal to become a Minister of the Interior. What happened in the capital at this time? October 17, 1905 Manifesto was published on the division of power with people's representative - the State Duma.
8 Jul, 1906 followed by the highest decree under which 44-year-old Peter Arkadievich becomes Prime Minister of Russia, combining this post with its past.
After becoming Minister of the Interior and later head of the Government, examined the Stolypin Petersburg, the «secret currents and influence», found a connection, many of them with anti-, anti-trends abroad, cleared more than one terrorist organization, who had already been many casualties. There were representatives of the currents and in the State Duma, even were it sometimes majority. And the new prime bets in public policy in support of the state - a farmer - at the sower of good land and a guardian.
Young, handsome, with the nature of the unusually strong and seasoned, devoid of arrogance, a brilliant speaker, Stolypin immediately became the initiator and conductor of the reforms and legislative, instructive, and the impact which struck today.
The main business of his life has become a land reform that gave him worldwide fame and timeless. Together with the charge of farming AV Krivosheinym, a man of exceptionally gifted and energetic, he animates the work of a number of Farmers Bank and the land commissions. The reform was provided by very expensive for the state, but it is not confused by Stolypin. For the people of emancipation must pay all segments of the population and to restore its debt peasant-breadwinner, and Stolypin evenly distributes high taxes on all of society to not only the peasants pulls the country out of crisis.
By the time he had - the father of the family. Wife - Olga B. Stolypin, nee Neydgardt - gave him six children. They are also threatened. Not brezgovali terrorists promises to deal with family, no brezgovali, if only to induce calm and cold-blooded prime minister to resign. Just one month after the appearance of Stolypin in St. Petersburg, they carried out their intentions.
At noon on Aug. 12, 1906 in the midst of visitors «friend» blew up the cottage at the head of Government Aptekarsky island. Portfolios «stuffed» carry it easy, for the protection of Stolypin казенной rarely exceeded then the testimony of one policeman. A terrible explosion claimed 27 lives, including the visitor with a baby in her arms, and the doorman, light up next to Russia narodoubiystva «in the name of a bright future of mankind». Among the 32 seriously injured was the daughter of prime minister and his only son, a three-year Arkady. Sam Peter Arkadievich by chance, then remained unhurt.
Stolypin began a duel with the hunters to murder before the eyes of the world. How he behaved during the match?
- When we shoot, you can not hide - said the father of the children several hours after the tragedy. The very same evening, sat down at the table to prepare a new bill.
His family still get grief. Not just the life of the family head is in the balance of death. More children will have to bury a young father. After October 17 th year, the family of Peter Arkadievich be almost completely destroyed. One of the daughters will know in a crowd of refugees, and bring to the side, shot without trial. Miraculously, live son, Arkady P. Stolypin, emigrated to Paris. He was buried 11 December 1990 at the Russian cemetery of Saint Genevieve de Bois.
And the assassination and attempted assassinations in the Stolypin increased. On those months, he told friends: «Every morning prayer works and look at the day as the last in the life ...» and worried only one thing: be able to right? On one of God prayed: Give two decades of internal and external peace, and Russia will be invincible in centuries. Twenty years, beginning with the 1906-th ...
He knew that he would be killed, as evidenced by a will, drawn up long before his death: «I want to be buried there, where I was going to kill». I knew a hurry and do as much as possible: «I understand death as the costs of persuasion».
«The Government, which has a conviction, is ideal - Stolypin said the new deputies in March - it not only believes that, it does something to believe».
From 1906 to 1915 the yield increased by 14, and in some places - even at 20-25 per cent. Strengthened peasant co-operation, manufacturing and trade association, has among the farmers interested in scientific farming, general interest in the book, the people immediately jumped, statistical handbooks, farm management have become a truly popular literature for the people.
Russian production of major species of cereal from 1909 to 1913 exceeded 28 per cent products of Argentina, Canada and America combined. Prices for grain in Europe would have been much higher if the Russian export is not restrained appetites of American, Canadian and Argentine grain exporters. You can imagine, with a «love», they followed the progress of Russia, and how carefully cherishing it as a disgruntled «left», and «right».
In March 1911, Stolypin dictate their «second program», the essence of which was the «treatment» of bureaucracy. (In European Russia by 10 thousand people were at that time 62 officials, significantly less than in other developed countries.) Petr Arkadievich intention was not to break, but to improve the state apparatus. Based on historical experience of the enormous Russian state and Russian people, he never tower abstractions, so that tomorrow they give loans for new theoretical constructs, and at the same time «by mistake» shed rivers of blood.
Take foreign loans to be only the first time and only on national needs - a study of subsurface construction of railroads and highways. Scheduled dates of full rejection of foreign loans. Planned establishment of the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Nationalities. By the way, to 1923, planned to grant independence to Poland, but pre-authorize the national interest and controversy in the western province.
Even in Saratov revolutionaries sentenced to death, infant son of Stolypin, if he does not abandon its policy of suppressing the revolution. But Stolypin remained steadfast, saying: «I will continue the business. Yes to fulfill the will of the Lord ». He so fervently and deeply loved Russia, but in love, as the apostle and evangelist John, «bear fear».
Here are the words of Peter Arkadievich: «I believe in God and probably know that all I intended - I had committed, in spite of any obstacles and what is not assigned - do not under any tricks. I believe in Russia. If I did not have this faith, I would not have been able to do anything ». Sometimes more than once that the terrorists will not be resolved to shoot it, crushed the entire image of righteousness.
But
schmuck
find. It was Bagrov, a double agent - ohranki and revolutionaries. During his stay in the Imperial couple Kiev refused to Stolypin offered him the shell, which would save from a bullet. Bullet overtook his killers 1 Sept., 1911. In the theater, not far from the imperial box. Already falling, Peter Arkadievich managed to cross the royal couple left-handed. Law was lumbago.
Over the four days of terrible torment, no one heard from him nor groan nor complaint. 5 September, 1911 Peter A. died at the hands of his wife, Olga B.. He was not even fifty years. After twenty years, which he thought should have been transformed Russia, it still would not have been and seventy ...
Following the will of Peter Arkadievich, buried him on the spot death. He is buried near the graves of Sparks and Kochubey fence in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
Talented public activity of PA Stolypin was aimed at appeasing Russia during the turmoil of 1905-1907. He managed to recover the prestige of state power and to strengthen it.
Enlightened politicians, economists and lawyers, a major administrative talent, with amazing performance he gave all his force's commitment to nation-building. For many years he bore the heavy cross of the public service, regardless of any difficulties the test, keeping in mind the high responsibility and Christian duty to near even to death.
During those years, where PA Stolypin stood at the head of government, public work was very fruitful, to work it was amazing. In matters of self-government in the western provinces of Russia PA Stolypin steadily defended the historical and державные rights in Russia and the Orthodox Church: «supreme power is the repository for Russian state, it represents another of its strength and solid, and to be Russia, but only if all her sons to preserve and strengthen this power fettered with Russia and safeguard it from collapse of the ... Decentralization may be only of the abundance of ... But if this decentralization requires from us in a moment of weakness, when it wanted to lift, and lift with the roots, which should bind the whole Empire, together with those threads that need to fasten to the center margin, then, of course, the Government will answer: No! »
«Motherland calls itself serving as a sacrificial pure that the slightest thought of personal gain darkens the soul and paralyzes the work ... People sometimes forget about their national objectives, but such people are killed, gentlemen, and they become terrestrial, in the fertilizer, which grow and grow other, more powerful nations. The people of strong and powerful people can not be passive ... I am aware how difficult moment we are experiencing.
But if you are not currently done on an effort not to forget about their personal welfare and the chicken to stand on the path of the public loss, then, of course, we lishim right to call themselves people of the great Russian people and strong », - said Peter A..
According to Stolypin, «only the Government has the right to existence, which has a mature mind and a strong state public will». Stolypin succeeded razvenchat myth that if in Russia there can be no honest government. Headed a government, PA Stolypin became the initiator and leader of the agrarian reform, which had the goal to eliminate malozemele and create a prosperous peasantry in the face of additional social support of power. He has repeatedly travels to Russia, during which meets with the results of land use and works on farm holdings. State Merit of PA Stolypin were observed in a short time a number of Holy awards.
As different people Stolypin singleness, sincerity and selfless devotion to Emperor and Russia. He did not put up lies, theft, bribery and greed in pursuit of them mercilessly in an environment of public servants.
Quotes Stolypin:
- Do not intimidate!
- Emergency action if they become protracted, losing strength and could adversely affect the people, customs law, which must be raised.
- Russia will be able to distinguish between the blood on the hands of the executioners from the blood on the hands of good doctors.
- They need great upheavals, we need a Great Russia.
- Give the state 20 years of peace, internal and external, and you do not know the current Russia.
- Bury me where I was going to kill.
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